A new species of Eunotia from southeastern Brazil: Eunotia fuhrmannii. The study of periphytic material sampling in the Atlantic Rainforest of Southeast Brazil revealed the occurrence of a new species, Eunotia fuhrmannii sp. nov., found in humid rocks associated to Sphagnum L. The taxon has strongly dorsiventral valve with a median ridge, rounded to cuneate-obtuse apex, prominent polar nodules, spaced striae in the middle, and shortened at the junction of valve face with the mantle. E. fuhrmannii distinguished from similar species, as E. prolongata var. simplex Hustedt e E. brinkmannii Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot, mainly by the shape of valve ends, density of striae, position of polar nodules and shape of terminal raphe fissures.