original descriptionSchütt, F. (1892). Ergebn Plankton-Exped. Humboldt-Stiftung I A, p. 258, 272, 299[details]
basis of recordRound, F.E.; Crawford, R.M.; Mann, D.G. (1990). The diatoms: biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press: London, UK. ISBN 0-521-363187. 747 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]